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<title>Layout Documentation Overview</title>
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<h1>Layout Documentation Overview</h1>
<blockquote> Authors: <br>
<ul>
<li>Marc Attinasi (attinasi@netscape.com)</li>
</ul>
History: <br>
<ul>
<li>12/17/2001 - created<br>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2>Background</h2>
The Layout module of Goanna has not been documented very well. This has lead
to some predictable problems: difficult maintenance, hard to get new people
involved in the module, problems assessing the risk of changes, hard to know
where bugs are likely to be in the source. One extreme result of the
lack of comprehensive has been an urge to rewrite some of the more impenetrable
parts of the layout component, the block and Line Layout areas. Rather
than throwing it all away and rewriting it, we have decided to put significant
effort into thoroughly documenting what we already have. this effort will
help us to understand what parts of the system we want to keep as-is, incrementally
revise, or wholesale rewrite. Additionally, we will make the code base more
accessible to new (and not-so-new) engineers.<br>
<br>
<h2>Strategy:</h2>
Documenting all of Block and Line layout is a large task, so it will be
divided up among knowledgeable and interested engineers. Progress will be
tracked in bugzilla <a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=115310">
bug 115310</a>
. This document lays out the basic documentation scope and formatting
so that all of the individual contributions can be combined into a relatively
cohesive unit of linked documents. <br>
<br>
<h2>Scope:</h2>
The documentation will generally cover two levels of detail. There is room
for deviation from this as needed, but generally a High Level Design document
and a Detailed Design document will provide the necessary level of detail
for those trying to understand the system as a whole, and those trying to
get into the code.<br>
<br>
<h3>High Level Designs</h3>
High level designs provided an overview of the system being documented.
The general concept of the component is described, and the classes involved
are described briefly (no details of the class implementations). In
some cases the high level design vocabulary consists of other components
and not classes. The important thing is to describe the interactions
between the classes and/or components such that the reader gets an understanding
of which pieces talk to which other pieces, what kinds of data are shared
by various components or classes, how the data is modified and by whom, beginning
states and end states of a process, and external constraints or inputs into
the system begin described. <br>
<br>
A fundamental piece of the high-level design is the<b> data model</b>. This
is generally a graphical representation of the classes or components involved
in the system, showing the relationships between them in terms of has-a,
is-a, uses, owns, etc. the specific representation is not as important as
the content of the representation. For example, using UML or Booch notation
is fine, as is an ad-hoc diagram that shows the same types of information.<br>
<br>
Another important piece of the high-level design is a set of <b>use-cases</b>
that describe specific interaction that result from specific events in
the system. For example, we might want to show specifically what happens
when an attribute is changed on an element via the DOM. Use cases differ
from data models in that they show specific instances of objects or components,
actual data values where interesting or important, and often give a glimpse
into the algorithms employed. All of the components or objects in the use
cases must be documented in the data model.<br>
<b><br>
State Transition Diagrams</b> may be important to some systems, and they
should be documented in the high-level design as well. These should be described
in terms of the abstract states that the system may be in, not in terms of
how the state-machine is actually implemented.<br>
<br>
The high-level documents provide an overview of the components and classes
that make up a system. It can be used as a road map to the related detailed
design documents for the components and classes involved in the system. thus,
the classes, components, and algorithms referenced in the high-level design
document should be linked to the detailed design documents that correspond.
This link generally occurs at the first reference to the class or component,
but it can be provided in other contexts as well, for convenience to the reader.
Missing or invalid links are considered errors in the high-level design.
<br>
<br>
<h3>Detailed Designs</h3>
Detailed design documents provide specific information needed to implement
(or understand the implementation of) the components and classes described
in the high-level design. Users of the classes or components should also be
able to understand from the detailed design just how the classes, components
and API's are to be used. Special performance characteristics of methods or
interactions should be documented where pertinent.<br>
<br>
<h4>Public API</h4>
The public API of the component or class being documented is essential to
the detailed design. Each publicly accessible interface, method and data member
must be documented. Ideally this information is contained in the implementation
files for a class, interface or component. If this is the case, the actual
IDL or class header file can be used as the documentation for the public API.
This should be done as a link or embedded document to avoid the perpetual
need to keep the document up to date with the source file. Specific
items that are important to the description of the publicly available aspects
of the component, class, or interface include:<br>
<ul>
<li>entry-point semantics: what does the method do, or what does the data
member mean? Is the universe of expected clients limited or open (e.g.. who
can call it)?<br>
</li>
<li>preconditions: what are the legal states for the instance to be in
before the entry point is called? what are the legal values for the arguments?
what are the required states for the objects or components used in the entry-point?</li>
<li>postconditions: what is guaranteed when the entry-point is returned
from? what return values are legal? what is the status of the output arguments
for various return states?</li>
<li>special performance characteristics: if there are special concerns
about performance of the method, explain them. for example, is the method
O(n^2)? Is there considerable memory required? Is the method recursive?</li>
</ul>
Beyond the public interfaces, the private and protected methods need to
be documented as well. For protected methods and members, the expectations
of the subclasses must be made clear (e.g.. should the subclass call the
base class method? if so, when?) As with the public methods, the semantics,
preconditions, postconditions, and special performance considerations should
be described. Again, this may be by direct inclusion of the source code files
where appropriate.<br>
<br>
<h4>Algorithms</h4>
There is often a need to document specific algorithms used in methods and
functions. Generally, it is not a good idea to include this sort of
information in the source files, so they must be described fully in the detailed
design document. The extent of this information varies wildly from one
design to another. Be sure to include an Algorithms section to the
document when there are interesting or critical algorithms that the classes
or components employ. Spell out the algorithms in as much detail as
possible using pseudo-code or diagrams. Ideally, it should be possible to
implement the algorithm from the information in the design.<br>
<br>
<br>
Algorithms that involve several different components or object instances
require special attention. These algorithms tend to be more complex and more
difficult to completely specify. Start out by referring to the related
use cases in the high level design, and then drill down into the responsibilities
and requirements of the individual instances involved. Here, diagrams
and pseudo-code are indispensable in communicating how the algorithm is carried
out across the system.<br>
<h4></h4>
<h4> Tech Notes</h4>
The end of the detailed design document should contain a list of links to
Tech Notes. These will vary in depth and scope, but generally they provide
information geared toward helping developers work on the system. Tech
Notes might contain information about how code has been modified, how
a new feature was added, how to debug a certain class of problem, how to
use built-in debugging r logging facilities, or how to maintain or extend
unit tests. The Tech Notes should be stored in a publicly accessible
location, as a comment or attachment in a bugzilla bug, for example. The
text that holds the link should be descriptive of what the Tech Note addresses.<br>
<br>
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