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+<title>Dual Booting</title>
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+<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
+cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="booting-loadlin.html"
+accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
+<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 7 Booting</td>
+<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="shell.html"
+accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="BOOTING-DUAL" name="BOOTING-DUAL">7.3 Dual Booting</a></h1>
+
+<p>Many users set up their computers to boot Slackware Linux and another operating
+system. We've described several typical dual boot scenarios below, in case you are having
+difficulty setting up your system.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="BOOTING-DUAL-WINDOWS" name="BOOTING-DUAL-WINDOWS">7.3.1
+Windows</a></h2>
+
+<p>Setting up a computer with both MS Windows and Linux is probably the most common dual
+boot scenario. There are numerous ways you can setup the booting, but this section will
+cover two.</p>
+
+<p>Often times when setting up a dual boot system, a person will devise a perfect plan
+for where everything should go but mess up the installation order. It is very important
+to understand that operating systems need to be installed in a certain order for a dual
+boot setup to work. Linux always offers control over what, if anything, gets written to
+the Master Boot Record. Therefore, it's always advisable to install Linux last. Windows
+should be installed first, since it will always write its booter to the Master Boot
+Record, overwriting any entry Linux may have put there.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN2577" name="AEN2577">7.3.1.1 Using LILO</a></h3>
+
+<p>Most people will want to use LILO to chose between Linux and Windows. As stated above,
+you should install Windows first, then Linux.</p>
+
+<p>Let's say you have a 40GB IDE hard disk as the only drive in your system. Let's also
+say that you want to give half of that space to Windows and half of that space to Linux.
+This will present a problem when trying to boot Linux.</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+ 20GB Windows boot (C:)
+ 1GB Linux root (/)
+ 19GB Linux /usr (/usr)
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>You would also want to set aside an adequate amount of space for a Linux swap
+partition. The unwritten rule is to use twice the amount of RAM you have in disk space. A
+64MB system would have 128MB of swap, and so on. Adequate swap space is the discussion of
+many flames on IRC and Usenet. There's no truly &#8220;right&#8221; way to do it, but
+sticking with the rule above should be sufficient.</p>
+
+<p>With your partitions laid out, you should proceed to install Windows. After that is
+set up and working, you should install Linux. The LILO installation needs special
+attention. You will want to select the expert mode for installing LILO.</p>
+
+<p>Begin a new LILO configuration. You will want to install it to Master Boot Record so
+that it can be used to choose between the two operating systems. From the menu, add your
+Linux partition and add your Windows (or DOS) partition. Once that's complete, you can
+install LILO.</p>
+
+<p>Reboot the computer. LILO should load and will display a menu letting you select
+between the operating systems you have installed. Select the name of the OS you wish to
+load (these names were selected when you setup LILO).</p>
+
+<p>LILO is quite a configurable boot loader. It's not just limited to booting Linux or
+DOS. It can boot just about anything. The man pages for <tt class="COMMAND">lilo</tt>(8)
+and <tt class="FILENAME">lilo.conf</tt>(5) provide more detailed information.</p>
+
+<p>What if LILO doesn't work? There are instances where LILO just won't work on a
+particular machine. Fortunately, there is another way to dual boot Linux and Windows.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN2591" name="AEN2591">7.3.1.2 Using LOADLIN</a></h3>
+
+<p>This method can be used if LILO doesn't work on your system, or if you just don't want
+to set up LILO. This method is also ideal for the user that reinstalls Windows often.
+Each time you reinstall Windows, it will overwrite the Master Boot Record, thus
+destroying any LILO installation. With LOADLIN, you are not subject to that problem. The
+biggest disadvantage is that you can only use LOADLIN to boot Linux.</p>
+
+<p>With LOADLIN, you can install the operating systems in any order desired. Be careful
+about installing things to the Master Boot Record, you do not want to do that. LOADLIN
+relies on the Windows partition being bootable. So during the Slackware installation,
+make sure you skip the LILO setup.</p>
+
+<p>After installing the operating systems, copy the <tt class="FILENAME">loadlin<var
+class="REPLACEABLE">X</var>.zip</tt> (where <var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var> is a version
+number, such as <var class="LITERAL">16a</var>) file from root's home directory to your
+Windows partition. Also copy your kernel image to the Windows partition. You will need to
+be in Linux for this to work. This example shows how to do this:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir /win</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /win</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mkdir /win/linux</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /root</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp loadlin* /win/linux</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cp /boot/vmlinuz /win/linux</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /win/linuz</kbd>
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">unzip loadlin16a.zip</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>That will create a <tt class="FILENAME">C:\LINUX</tt> directory on your Windows
+partition (assuming it's <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/hda1</tt>) and copy over the necessary
+stuff for LOADLIN. After doing this, you will need to reboot into Windows to setup a boot
+menu.</p>
+
+<p>Once in Windows, get to a DOS prompt. First, we need to make sure the system is set to
+not boot into the graphical interface.</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+C:\&#62; <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd \</kbd>
+C:\&#62; <kbd class="USERINPUT">attrib -r -a -s -h MSDOS.SYS</kbd>
+C:\&#62; <kbd class="USERINPUT">edit MSDOS.SYS</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Add this line to the file:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+BootGUI=0
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Now save the file and exit the editor. Now edit <tt
+class="FILENAME">C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT</tt> so we can add a boot menu. The following provides
+an example of what a boot menu block in <tt class="FILENAME">AUTOEXEC.BAT</tt> would look
+like:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+cls
+echo System Boot Menu
+echo.
+echo 1 - Linux
+echo 2 - Windows
+echo.
+choice /c:12 "Selection? -&#62; "
+if errorlevel 2 goto WIN
+if errorlevel 1 goto LINUX
+:LINUX
+cls
+echo "Starting Linux..."
+cd \linux
+loadlin c:\linux\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
+goto END
+:WIN
+cls
+echo "Starting Windows..."
+win
+goto END
+:END
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The key line is the one that runs LOADLIN. We tell it the kernel to load, the Linux
+root partition, and that we want it mounted read-only initially.</p>
+
+<p>The tools for these two methods are provided with Slackware Linux. There are numerous
+other booters on the market, but these should work for most dual boot setups.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT3">
+<h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN2633" name="AEN2633">7.3.1.3 Deprecated Windows NT
+Hack</a></h3>
+
+<p>This is the least common dual booting situation. In the days of old, LILO was unable
+to boot Windows NT, requiring Linux users to hack NTLDR, which presented several more
+problems than dual booting between Windows 9x and Linux. Understand that the following
+instructions are deprecated. LILO has been able to boot Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 for many
+years now. If you are using a legacy machine though, you may need to use just such a
+hack.</p>
+
+<ol type="1">
+<li>
+<p>Install Windows NT</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Install Linux, making sure LILO is installed to the superblock of the Linux
+partition</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Get the first 512 bytes of the Linux root partition and store it on the Windows NT
+partition</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Edit <tt class="FILENAME">C:\BOOT.INI</tt> under Windows NT to add a Linux option</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Installing Windows NT should be fairly straightforward, as should installing Linux.
+From there, it gets a little more tricky. Grabbing the first 512 bytes of the Linux
+partition is easier than it sounds. You will need to be in Linux to accomplish this.
+Assuming your Linux partition is <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/hda2</tt>, issue this
+command:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd
+class="USERINPUT">dd if=/dev/hda2 of=/tmp/bootsect.lnx bs=1 count=512</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>That's it. Now you need to copy bootsect.lnx to the Windows NT partition. Here's where
+we run into another problem. Linux does not have stable write support for the NTFS
+filesystem. If you installed Windows NT and formatted your drive as NTFS, you will need
+to copy this file to a FAT floppy and then read from it under Windows NT. If you
+formatted the Windows NT drive as FAT, you can simply mount it under Linux and copy the
+file over. Either way, you will want to get <tt class="FILENAME">/tmp/bootsect.lnx</tt>
+from the Linux drive to <tt class="FILENAME">C:\BOOTSECT.LNX</tt> on the Windows NT
+drive.</p>
+
+<p>The last step is adding a menu option to the Windows NT boot menu. Under Windows NT
+open a command prompt.</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+C:\WINNT&#62; <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd \</kbd>
+C:\&#62; <kbd class="USERINPUT">attrib -r -a -s -h boot.ini</kbd>
+C:\&#62; <kbd class="USERINPUT">edit boot.ini</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Add this line to the end of the file:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
+C:\bootsect.lnx="Slackware Linux"
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Save the changes and exit the editor. When you reboot Windows NT, you will have a
+Linux option on the menu. Choosing it will boot into Linux.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="SECT2">
+<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="BOOTING-DUAL-LINUX" name="BOOTING-DUAL-LINUX">7.3.2
+Linux</a></h2>
+
+<p>Yes, people really do this. This is definitely the easiest dual boot scenario. You can
+simply use LILO and add more entries to the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/lilo.conf</tt>
+file. That's all there is to it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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