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+<title>Filesystem Structure</title>
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+<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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+
+<div class="CHAPTER">
+<h1><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE" name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE"></a>Chapter 9 Filesystem
+Structure</h1>
+
+<div class="TOC">
+<dl>
+<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
+
+<dt>9.1 <a
+href="filesystem-structure.html#FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-OWNERSHIP">Ownership</a></dt>
+
+<dt>9.2 <a href="filesystem-structure-permissions.html">Permissions</a></dt>
+
+<dt>9.3 <a href="filesystem-structure-links.html">Links</a></dt>
+
+<dt>9.4 <a href="filesystem-structure-mounting.html">Mounting Devices</a></dt>
+
+<dt>9.5 <a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html">NFS Mounts</a></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+
+<p>We have already discussed the directory structure in Slackware Linux. By this point,
+you should be able to find files and directories that you need. But there is more to the
+filesystem than just the directory structure.</p>
+
+<p>Linux is a multiuser operating system. Every aspect of the system is multiuser, even
+the filesystem. The system stores information like who owns a file and who can read it.
+There are other unique parts about the filesystems, such as links and NFS mounts. This
+section explains these, as well as the multiuser aspects of the filesystem.</p>
+
+<div class="SECT1">
+<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-OWNERSHIP"
+name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-OWNERSHIP">9.1 Ownership</a></h1>
+
+<p>The filesystem stores ownership information for each file and directory on the system.
+This includes what user and group own a particular file. The easiest way to see this
+information is with the <tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt> command:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l /usr/bin/wc</kbd>
+-rwxr-xr-x 1 root bin 7368 Jul 30 1999 /usr/bin/wc
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>We are interested in the third and fourth columns. These contain the username and
+group name that owns this file. We see that the user &#8220;<tt
+class="USERNAME">root</tt>&#8221; and the group &#8220;<tt
+class="USERNAME">bin</tt>&#8221; own this file.</p>
+
+<p>We can easily change the file owners with the <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt>(1) (which
+means &#8220;change owner&#8221;) and <tt class="COMMAND">chgrp</tt>(1) (which means
+&#8220;change group&#8221;) commands. To change the file owner to <tt
+class="USERNAME">daemon</tt>, we would use <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt>:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown daemon /usr/bin/wc</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>To change the group owner to &#8220;<tt class="USERNAME">root</tt>&#8221;, we would
+use <tt class="COMMAND">chgrp</tt>:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chgrp root /usr/bin/wc</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>We can also use <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt> to specify the user and group owners
+for a file:</p>
+
+<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<pre class="SCREEN">
+<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">chown daemon:root /usr/bin/wc</kbd>
+</pre>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>In the above example, the user could have used a period instead of a colon. The result
+would have been the same; however, the colon is considered better form. Use of the period
+is deprecated and may be removed from future versions of <tt class="COMMAND">chown</tt>
+to allow usernames with periods in them. These usernames tend to be very popular with
+Windows Exchange Servers and are encountered most commonly in email addresses such as:
+<var class="LITERAL">mr.jones@example.com</var>. In slackware, administrators are advised
+to stay away from such usernames because some scripts still use the period to indicate
+the user and group of a file or directory. In our example, <tt class="COMMAND">chmod</tt>
+would interpret <var class="LITERAL">mr.jones</var> as user &#8220;mr&#8221; and group
+&#8220;jones&#8221;.</p>
+
+<p>File ownership is a very important part of using a Linux system, even if you are the
+only user. You sometimes need to fix ownerships on files and device nodes.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
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+<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
+<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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+
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+<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Virtual Terminals</td>
+<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
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+